Which component has replaced carburetors in newer vehicles to manage air/fuel mixture?

Fuel injectors have replaced carburetors in newer vehicles to manage the air/fuel mixture because they provide a more precise method of delivering fuel to the engine. Unlike carburetors, which rely on air flow to draw fuel into the intake, fuel injectors use electronic controls to meter the exact amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber. This enhances efficiency, performance, and lowers emissions, allowing modern engines to achieve better fuel economy and compliance with stricter environmental regulations. The electronic control of fuel injection systems also adapts to various operating conditions, improving overall engine responsiveness.

Carburetors, while historically used in many older vehicles, are less efficient and more difficult to tune than fuel injection systems, which is why they have become largely obsolete in modern automotive design. Other options like the throttle and radiators serve very different functions, such as controlling airflow and maintaining engine temperature, and do not directly manage the air/fuel mixture in the same way fuel injectors do.